Polyurethane ni ibikoresho bya polymer bigenda bigaragara, bizwi nka "Plastike ya gatanu", kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi byubukungu bwigihugu kubera imikorere myiza.Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa n’ibihugu byinshi bitanga polyurethane ku isi, bingana na 45% by’umusaruro wa polyurethane ku isi.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa bya polyurethane, na polyurethane elastomer nimwe murimwe.Polyurethane elastomer nuruhererekane rwibikoresho bya elastomer birimo amatsinda menshi ya karbamate kumurongo wingenzi wa polymer, kandi ni ibikoresho bya polymer bishobora gukira neza nyuma yimbaraga zo hanze zashyizwemo zikuweho.
Polyurethane elastomers irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bya termoplastique polyurethane elastomers (TPU), castast polyurethane elastomers (CPU) no kuvanga polyurethane elastomers (MPU) ukurikije inzira zitandukanye, muri zo TPU nini nini.Inganda za TPU nishami ryinganda za polyurethane, ziherereye mumasoko yinganda zose zikora imiti, hafi yisoko ryanyuma ryabaguzi.
01 Itondekanya rya polyurethane elastomers
TPU nigicuruzwa cya polyurethane elastomer.Ibikoresho fatizo nka polyoli, MDI, BDO, aside adipic, na Ethylene glycol isabwa kugirango ikorwe byose ni ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyangwa ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa, kandi ni ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bikomoka kuri peteroli.TPU ni ishami ryibikoresho bya elastomer.Nibikoresho bya polymer biva mubikoresho bitatu byibanze: diisocyanate, macromolecular polyol, hamwe no kwagura urunigi (diolike ya molekile).
Ugereranije nibikoresho rusange bya pulasitiki na reberi, TPU ifite ubukana butandukanye, imiterere yubukorikori idasanzwe, irwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru / buke, imikorere myiza yo gutunganya, imikorere myiza y’ibidukikije, plastike ikomeye, igaragara neza, kandi ikorera mu mucyo.Ntabwo ifite gusa ubuhanga bukomeye bwibikoresho bya reberi, ahubwo ifite imbaraga nyinshi za plastiki yubuhanga.
02 Ibiranga ibikoresho bya TPU
TPU yatunganijwe bwa mbere na Bayer mu 1958, n’amasosiyete akomeye y’imiti mu Burayi no muri Amerika yagiye atera imbere maze ayashyira mu bikorwa.Mu myaka ya za 70, Ubuyapani bwinjije ibikoresho by’ubudage bya TPU mu Budage kandi bwinjiza tekinoroji ya TPU muri Tayiwani.Umugabane w’Ubushinwa wagaragaye mu ikoranabuhanga rya TPU kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, ariko ntiragera ku ntera mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga.Nyuma ya za 90, hamwe n’isoko ryiyongera ku bikoresho bya TPU, nyuma y’inganda zatewe inkunga n’Uburayi, Amerika na Tayiwani zinjiye ku mugabane wa Afurika, ibigo bimwe na bimwe byo ku mugabane wa Afurika byatangiye gukora no kugurisha TPU.
03 Amateka yiterambere ryinganda nu Bushinwa TPU
Bitewe n’imikorere myiza y’ibicuruzwa, isoko rya TPU mu nzego nyinshi z’ubukungu bw’igihugu nk’ibicuruzwa bya buri munsi, umusaruro w’inganda, ubuzima bw’ubuvuzi, ingabo z’igihugu ndetse n’inganda za gisirikare byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara.Mu myaka yashize, igihugu cyanjye gishya cy’umusaruro wa TPU cyarekuwe kimwekimwe, kandi igipimo cy’ibikorwa bya TPU cyiyongereye gahoro gahoro muri 2018 na 2019. Kuva 2014 kugeza 2019, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka w’umusaruro wa TPU mu gihugu uri hejuru ya 15.46% .Muri 2019, igipimo cy’inganda z’igihugu cyanjye TPU cyakomeje kwiyongera, umusaruro wa toni zigera kuri 512.900.igihugu cyanjye cyagiye buhoro buhoro kirenga Uburayi na Amerika kugira ngo kibe igihugu kinini ku isi kandi gikoresha abaguzi ba TPU, kandi impuzandengo ikoreshwa buri mwaka yakomeje kwiyongera ku buryo bwihuse hafi 10%.
04 Imbonerahamwe yerekana umusaruro wa TPU mu Bushinwa kuva 2014 kugeza 2019
Guverinoma yibasiwe n’ibyabereye i Xiangshui mu 2019, guverinoma yihutishije kuvugurura parike y’imiti.Muri icyo gihe, ihindagurika ryibiciro ryibikoresho fatizo isocyanate byongereye igiciro cyumusaruro winganda zimwe na zimwe.Nyamara, inganda zashyizweho, zirimo Huafon, BASF, na Meirui, zikomeje kwagura imirongo no kongera umusaruro, no kwihutisha akazi kabo ku isoko.Inganda zikomeje kwiyongera.Mubatanga TPU murugo, Huafon Group na Yantai Wanhua bafite imyanya yambere mubushobozi bwo gukora.
05 Ikwirakwizwa ry’ubushinwa TPU yerekana umusaruro muri 2019
Nubwo igihugu cyanjye cyo mu gihugu cya TPU umusaruro mwinshi ari mwinshi, ntikabura inyungu mubice bigabanijwe.Cyane cyane mumasoko yo hagati-hejuru-yohejuru, amasosiyete mpuzamahanga nka BASF na Huntsman afite ibyiza byikoranabuhanga.Binyuze mu buryo bunoze bwo gucunga neza, batezimbere imikorere nubuziranenge mugihe bagabanije ibiciro byibicuruzwa, bafata igice kinini cyimbere mu gihugu hagati-hejuru-yohejuru kandi yohejuru.Kugeza ubu, benshi mu bakora inganda za TPU mu gihugu cyanjye babuze inyungu z’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bimwe, ndetse n’iterambere ridindiza mu bicuruzwa bishya, bigatuma isoko ridahungabana ku isoko, kandi biragoye kongera inyungu mu nganda.
Icyerekezo cyiterambere rya tekiniki, igipimo, uburyo bwo guhatana, umuvuduko witerambere, nurwego rwinyungu zinganda za TPU biterwa nuburyo bukenewe ku isoko ryinganda zo hasi.
Amakuru yerekana ko nkuko reberi gakondo nibikoresho bya pulasitike bigenda bisimburwa buhoro buhoro nibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije, ikoreshwa rya TPU rizakomeza kwiyongera, kandi rizakoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi byubukungu bwigihugu.TPU ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro, firime, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byinkweto, ibice byimodoka, guhinduranya ibikoresho, guhererekanya inganda, ibifatika, insinga ninsinga nizindi nzego.Muri byo, ibikoresho byinkweto nisoko nyamukuru ryabaguzi kuri TPU, bingana na 40% byikoreshwa rya TPU.
06 Ubushinwa bwa TPU kumurongo wo gusaba
igihugu cyanjye nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gitanga kandi kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kandi umusaruro wacyo urenga 50% byisi yose.Guhanga udushya mu bikoresho byonyine ni ingingo yingenzi yo guhanga udushya mu nganda zinkweto.Ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo byonyine, TPU ifite ibyiza bigaragara mubikorwa, kandi imikoreshereze yayo iriyongera umunsi kumunsi.Muri byo, ETPU ifite ibyiza byingenzi mukwihangana no guhungabana.Ikibaho cyonyine gishobora gukuramo neza ingaruka zubutaka no guhangana nikirenge, bigatanga ingaruka nziza zo kwisiga.
Muri rusange, inganda za TPU zifite ibiranga igice kinini cyibiciro fatizo, umuvuduko wibicuruzwa byihuse, ibisobanuro bitandukanye na moderi, no gutandukanya kugaragara kubyo abakiriya bakeneye.Kubwibyo, urwego rwinyungu rwinganda rugira ingaruka kubintu bitandukanye nko guhindagurika kw'ibiciro fatizo, ubushobozi bushya bwo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, n'urwego rwa serivisi zabakiriya.Hamwe nogukurikirana politiki yimbere mu gihugu hamwe ningamba zigamije ubuzima bwimikino yabaturage, hamwe no kuzamura imikoreshereze yabaturage n’imikoreshereze y’ibicuruzwa bya siporo, ubwiyongere bw’abaguzi ku nkweto za siporo zo mu rwego rwo hejuru buzafasha kuzamura umwanya wa TPU. inganda.Ku rundi ruhande, ku isoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru Ku moko nka kalendari ya TPU, ubuvuzi bwa TPU, hamwe na TPU irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, igihugu ahanini gishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.Hamwe no gukusanya ikoranabuhanga rirambye hamwe n’ishoramari R&D ry’amasosiyete yo mu gihugu cya TPU, biteganijwe ko azacamo monopole y’amasosiyete y’amahanga kandi akagura umwanya w’imbere mu gihugu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-03-2023